Editor's note: Today, the Chinese People's Liberation Army celebrates its 98th birthday. Over the past 98 years, the People's Army has experienced wars and overcome all obstacles, made great sacrifices, achieved one brilliant victory after another, and established great historical achievements for the Party and the people. At present, with the accelerated development of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution, the forms and modes of war have undergone profound changes, and the competition for the initiative in military competition strategy has become more intense. In response to the changes of the times, science and technology, war and development, President Xi keenly grasped the world's military development trends and modern war laws, creatively proposed the concept of new combat effectiveness, and systematically answered the question of our army's "what to fight and how to fight". In-depth study of the characteristics and laws of modern warfare and accelerating the development of new combat effectiveness is not only an urgent issue for our army to build a world-class army, but also an era requirement for our army to win future wars. So, what is new quality combat effectiveness? How to develop new combat effectiveness? This newspaper’s theoretical version publishes expert articles around these issues for the benefit of readers.

Author: Guo Gaomin (former researcher at the Research Department of the National Defense University of the People's Liberation Army of China)

Xi Jinping's thought on strengthening the military was formed and developed under the historical conditions of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era and profound changes in the world and national conditions and military situations. It is the theoretical crystallization and scientific guide of the great practice of strengthening the military in the new era. President Xi aims to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and focuses on what kind of strong people's army to build a strong people's army in the new era and how to build a strong people's army. He has led the entire army to conduct in-depth theoretical exploration and practical creation, and profoundly answered major issues such as the mission, goals, fundamental principles, strategic layout, and important paths of strengthening the army in the new era, and formed the latest achievement of Xi Jinping's military guidance theory of strengthening the army. The original concept and identity concept of new quality combat effectiveness systematically answers the question of our army's "what to fight and how to fight", profoundly reveals the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of modern warfare, and is an important part of Xi Jinping's thought on strengthening the military. Fully understanding of the military revolutionary significance of this important concept can provide scientific theoretical and practical guidance for us to seize the commanding heights of military struggle, seek new advantages in competitive development, and achieve the 100-year goal of the founding of the army.

The concept of new combat effectiveness is proposed by accurately grasping the characteristics and laws of modern warfare and winning mechanisms, and firmly grasping the establishment of combat effectiveness, the only fundamental standard for strengthening the army and developing the army.

Engels pointed out: "Theoretical thinking of every era, including the theoretical thinking of our era, is a product of history." New combat effectiveness is an original and iconic concept proposed by President Xi keenly grasping the world's military development trends and the laws of modern warfare.

The problem is the call of the times. With the accelerated development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and military revolution, war has shown an invisible, silent and unmanned trend. The question of "where combat effectiveness comes from" has become a question of the times that national defense and military construction must face. Judging from the recent local wars and military operations in the world such as the Ukrainian crisis and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the degree of informatization of modern wars has been continuously improved and the characteristics of intelligence are becoming increasingly apparent. Some new technical equipment has formed a dimensionality reduction strike against traditional equipment, and the concept of winning, factors of winning, and methods of winning have undergone major changes. Innovation achievements in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence have emerged in groups and are widely used in the military field, causing the war to show a new trend of the integrated development of mechanized, informatized, intelligent and intelligent development, which is reflected in the characteristics of modern warfare such as the integration of battlefield space to multi-dimensional space, the leap of combat platforms to unmanned, the evolution of combat command to intelligent development, the development of military strikes to precise instantaneous development, and the upgrading of war power to "brain control" as well as the winning mechanism of war highlights the characteristics of the times such as information dominance, strategic checks and balances, overall operations, and new quality decisive victory.

As early as 2013, President Xi pointed out: "We must focus on strengthening the construction of new combat forces, suppress the number of old equipment within a specified period of time, and change birds for new combat forces." The concept of new combat effectiveness has begun to take shape. In January 2019, President Xi pointed out at the Military Work Conference of the Central Military Commission: "We must strengthen the construction of new combat forces and increase the proportion of new combat effectiveness." The concept of new combat effectiveness was officially proposed. On the eve of August 1st in 2020, President Xi emphasized when inspecting the Air Force Aviation University: "We must keep up with the development trend of the new military revolution in the world" and "promote the accelerated incubation and generation of new combat effectiveness." In October 2022, President Xi pointed out in his report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "Build a strong strategic deterrent force system and increase the proportion of combat forces in new regions and new qualities." In March 2024, President Xi emphasized at the plenary meeting of the delegation of the People's Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force of the Second Session of the 14th National People's Congress: "Promote efficient integration and new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness, and two-way pulling" and "create a growth pole of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness."

Combat ability is the combat capability of the army. In the agricultural era, combat effectiveness is manifested as a "muscle competition" between manpower and iron tools; in the industrial era, combat effectiveness is manifested as a "mechanized crush" between oil and steel; in the information era, the dominant form of combat effectiveness presents a "information confrontation" based on system power.

Relying on emerging scientific and technological means and advanced combat concepts, the new combat effectiveness is based on the system combat capability of information systems. Its "new" lies in the implantation of information genes and integration of networked channels for all factors, and the use of new technologies, new equipment and new tactics to make the military system present new advantages such as strategy guidance, information empowerment, network energy gathering, technological strength, and system energy release. Taking artificial intelligence technology as an example, it can achieve real-time perception and advanced prediction of battlefield situations through technical means such as machine learning and big data analysis, effectively improving the scientific nature of decision-making, battlefield control and combat victory rate.

President Xi pointed out: "The army must prepare for war, and all work must adhere to the standards of combat effectiveness and focus on being able to fight and winning." Only by grasping the characteristics and laws of modern warfare and winning mechanism can we clarify what kind of war and how to fight in the future, so as to anchor the logical basis of war preparation and find the right direction of the development of military combat effectiveness. The concept of new combat effectiveness is proposed by accurately grasping the characteristics and laws of modern warfare and winning mechanisms, firmly grasping the establishment of combat effectiveness, the only fundamental standard for strengthening the army and developing the army, and focusing on improving our army's combat capabilities.

From "combat force" to "new quality combat effectiveness", it is not only the evolution of terms and concepts, but also reflects the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core's profound grasp of the great changes in the world that have not been seen in a century, its profound grasp of the development trend of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the military revolution, and its profound grasp of the laws of China's military modernization construction and development.

Military revolution is not a simple weapon renewal, but a system project that uses subversive technology as the engine, combat theory innovation as the pioneer, institutional organization adjustment as the lever, and strategic game demand as the driving force. New combat effectiveness is the core component and measurement standard of this system project. In this constantly developing and changing systematic project, the military revolution provides broad space and sufficient conditions for the new combat effectiveness to carry out its strengths and strengths, and the new combat effectiveness provides intelligent support and directional guidance for the deepening and evolution of the military revolution. The two are conditions and interact with each other, and jointly determine the winner and lose position of a country in future wars. Historically, every military revolution is prominently manifested as the generation difference crushing of the old system by new combat forces. From a technical perspective, the new combat effectiveness is essentially derived from cluster breakthroughs in key technologies. At present, cutting-edge technologies represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, hypersonic speed, directional energy, and biological crossover are forming a "technical group" in the military field. Through the full link coupling of computing power carriers-algorithms-data-platforms-systems, a system combat power far exceeds the effectiveness of a single weapon. From the perspective of military system organization, the new combat effectiveness requires the military organization system to compress the intermediate level, from the bureaucratic system of stacked beds to the flat network, from the military's own system to the flexible combination of power with combat tasks as the driving force, and to change the new combat effectiveness. From the perspective of the strategic competitive landscape of a big country, whoever takes the lead in forming and effectively applies the new combat power will be able to gain "first move" and "initiative" in the strategic game.

Regarding how to promote the generation of new combat effectiveness, President Xi pointed out several key points. First, on fundamental principles, we must uphold and strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over the military. President Xi pointed out: "The Party's absolute leadership over the army is an essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, an important political advantage of the Party and the country, and the foundation of the establishment of the People's Army and the soul of strengthening the army." Second, in terms of support carriers, it is clear that "technology is the core combat effectiveness of modern warfare." We must grasp the "bull's nose" of emerging technology, promote major projects of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment to achieve "overtaking on the curve" in key areas such as intelligent unmanned systems and network information systems, and build a new quality combat effectiveness system. The third is to adhere to the essential requirements of Chinese characteristics. The "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed "building a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics", and the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "prospering and developing a strong military culture, strengthening the cultivation of combat spirit", and clearly answered the question of how new combat effectiveness reflects the essential requirements of Chinese characteristics. These three aspects are not only the inheritance and development of our army's fine traditions, but also the sinicization and modernization of Marxist military theory, which has been fully verified in the practice of strengthening the military.

The concept of new combat effectiveness achieves multiple strategic value breakthroughs in the history of military thought, academic history and practical history

New quality combat effectiveness is essentially the product of scientific and technological innovation and theoretical innovation. Engels pointed out: "Every new insight proposed by a science contains the revolution of the terminology of this scientific." Chairman Xi stood at the forefront of the times and carried out the "revolution of terminology" through original terms such as "new combat capabilities", "strategic capabilities in emerging fields", and "new quality combat effectiveness", forming a unique logo of Xi Jinping's thought on strengthening the military, adding a new cornerstone to the Marxist military theory building, and achieving multiple strategic value breakthroughs in the history of military thought, academic history, and practical history.

Concepts transcend in the history of military thought. President Xi pointed out: "Scientific military theory is combat effectiveness." Scientific military theory can reveal the laws of war, war guidance and military construction, and guide the construction and application of military forces, while scientific military theory always develops from the concept of specific combat power. From ancient times to modern times, combat effectiveness has always been understood as a complex composed of people, weapons, and the combination of people and weapons. In "Anti-Durin" Engels pointed out that the army "firstly relies on the production level and traffic conditions at that time" and placed combat power in the overall chain of social production mode for the first time.

The historical significance of the new concept of combat effectiveness lies in the shift of the focus of combat effectiveness from weapon competition to systematic confrontation, achieving the transcendence of traditional combat effectiveness theory. First, the transcendence of the conceptual basis. The traditional concept of combat effectiveness is based on mechanical energy and chemical energy, and always follows the linear competition logic of "spin tip" and "shield thickness". The concept of new quality combat effectiveness relies on new energy such as data, algorithms, and computing power to form nonlinear advantages. The second is the transcendence of conceptual elements. The traditional concept of combat effectiveness focuses on the three elements of personnel, weapons and power configuration, and emphasizes the tactical combination of "human-machine collaboration". On this basis, the concept of new quality combat effectiveness pays more attention to the composition of the "new three elements" of data elements, algorithm elements, and cross-domain elements, emphasizing the integrated role of "man, sport, and intelligence" to form new quality advantages. The third is the transcendence of the conceptual combat domain. The traditional concept of combat effectiveness focuses on the competition for control of physical space such as land, sea, air and space; the concept of new quality combat effectiveness focuses on emerging fields, directly interfering in enemy decision-making in the network domain, information domain, and cognitive domain to achieve the strategic goal of defeating others without fighting.

Terminology innovation in the history of military academics. Engels pointed out that "the entire organization and combat mode of the army and the victory or defeat related to it depend on material conditions, that is, economic conditions", laying the foundation for the study of combat effectiveness. Soviet Marshal Ogalkov once proposed a "military technological revolution", but did not break through the "technical determinism"; the United States' frequent "military transformation" is trapped in the logic of "combat platform replacement" from old weapons to new weapons. Since the new era, President Xi has made an important statement on "promoting the efficient integration of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness and two-way pulling", enriching and developing the Marxist military theory concept system.

Its contribution to military academic history lies in the fact that it uses "new" to identify technological changes, uses "quality" to represent the qualitative change in combat effectiveness structure, and avoids the technological universal thinking of opening all locks with one key; it incorporates data, algorithms, talents, and organizations into the productivity and combat effectiveness integration pull system, reshapes the underlying logic of combat effectiveness generation, and opens up a channel for complex science to enter military research. The term system determines the discourse system. Innovation in military terms has a foundational, pioneering and supporting role in military scientific innovation. It is not a simple update at the language level, but a theoretical shaping of deepening military understanding, upgrading strategic thinking and innovation in combat modes. Once the new military concept is fixed in terms of terminology, it means that its theoretical abstraction of the characteristics, laws and winning mechanisms of war have been completed. Only by forming a theoretically self-consistent term group can we get rid of the simple transplantation of foreign military terms and lay the foundation for the systematic development of military science.

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of emerging fields and battlefield space, new war and combat theories have emerged one after another. For example, the United States proposed "cyber-central war", "global rapid strike", and "all-domain war", Russia proposed "non-nuclear containment strategy", "strategic aerospace battle", and Japan proposed "cross-domain defense", all of which are trying to win new military advantages through theoretical innovation.

The original concept and identity concept of new quality combat effectiveness creatively reveal the dialectical unified relationship between "new" and "quality", clarify the theoretical connotation of new quality combat effectiveness, profoundly reveal the general laws of the generation and development of new quality combat effectiveness, expand a new perspective of military theory, deepen a new understanding of military theory, thereby getting rid of the traditional combat effectiveness generation model and development path, realizing optimization, adjustment and innovative changes of the elements of combat effectiveness, opening up a new path for liberating and developing combat effectiveness, and significantly increasing the discourse weight of my country's military scientific research in the global military academic field.

A breakthrough in combat effectiveness in the history of military practice. The core of breakthrough in combat effectiveness quality lies in the generation and development of new combat effectiveness. The concept of new combat effectiveness has promoted the development of Marxist military theory, and has innovated the combat effectiveness generation model, leading the leap in the practice of strengthening the army. In the revolutionary war era, our army insisted on "learning war from war", created the people's war strategy and tactics with the "Sixteen-character Skill" as the main symbol, and generated extraordinary combat power to defeat strong enemies with disadvantaged equipment; after the founding of New China, facing the sinister situation on the Korean battlefield, the volunteer army created combat methods such as "zero-knocking ketchup". Accumulating small victories into big victories, breaking the myth of invincibility of the US military; with the successful development of the "two bombs and one satellite", our army achieved a qualitative leap in strategic deterrence capabilities, winning a valuable peaceful development environment for our country.

Entering the new era, facing the bottleneck of combat effectiveness under long-term peaceful conditions, President Xi has a deep understanding of the key points of developing new combat effectiveness, and requires the army to "strengthen the consistency of combat and training, insist on leading training through combat and promoting combat through training, and achieve training in accordance with actual combat requirements, and achieve integration of combat and training", which has pointed out the "practical" fierce military model for generating new combat effectiveness.

President Xi pointed out: "We must accelerate the development of advanced equipment, speed up the cultivation of professional talents, strengthen targeted confrontational training, and promote the accelerated improvement of new-quality combat effectiveness." In order to be as close to actual combat as possible, the Central Military Commission unified the standards and requirements, and established professional confrontation training bases and well-equipped and first-class "Blue Army" troops. This completely broke the traditional confrontation drill pattern of "The Red Army will win", and even the scene of the "Red Army" being defeated by the "Blue Army" before it could be launched. Therefore, we guide officers and soldiers to regard failure as whetstone, temper hard work from "defeat", and gradually create a real and solid training culture, so that the quality of combat effectiveness can be improved directly to the future battlefield.

The concept of new combat effectiveness has far-reaching strategic guiding significance for winning the initiative in the future battlefield

President Xi pointed out: "We must climb high and look far, see the small and clear, see the development and changes of the world's military field, see the significant impact of the new world military revolution, and form scientific understanding and judgment." This important statement has far-reaching strategic guiding significance for us to accelerate the generation and use of new combat power and win the initiative in the future battlefield.

Foresee the unbounded changes in the form of war. In 2015, President Xi stressed that the Army should "accelerate the transformation from regional defense to full-region combat." "Whole Domain" is a multi-dimensional concept. "Whole-domain combat type" refers to the military's combat effectiveness form having full-domain coverage capability. At present, the space-time characteristics of war have undergone major changes, and the multi-dimensional battlefield space is integrated, and the boundaries between strategy, battle and tactics are becoming blurred. This requires our army to implement the overall national security concept, adapt to the trend of unbounded war changes in the preparations for war, break through the boundaries and constraints of the military and civilians, front and back, offense and defense, local and overall, war space and peace space, national boundaries and national strategic interests expansion barriers, and develop a global combat combat force from the strategic overall situation, and provide all-round security guarantees for the country and society.

From the perspective of combat effectiveness mechanism, traditional combat effectiveness is dominated by physical energy and chemical energy. In general, war belongs to the "point" and "line" movement, war has boundaries and boundaries; in new quality combat effectiveness is dominated by information energy and intelligence, war belongs to the "surface" and "network" movement, war belongs to the "boundary" and "network" movement, war is boundless. For example, for the rapidly evolving cyber weapons, it has neither a time barrier—"every time" nor a space barrier—"every hole". This revolutionary change in the form of energy makes the war appear in a boundless war form.

Judging from the elements of war, no matter whether it is a war filled with smoke or a war without smoke, there is no clear boundary for the subject, object, tool, method, etc. of the war. The Ukrainian crisis and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict both show the characteristics of "globalization" that moves the world together: except for the direct belligerent countries, many countries in the world are involved as indirect parties or joint parties.

From the perspective of war space, whether it is in the "hard battlefield" such as gun war, ship-to-air war, unmanned platform war, or in the "soft battlefield" such as trade war, technology war, and cyber war, the war has integrated the multidimensional spaces such as land, sea, air, sky, electricity, network, information, heart, and intelligence to form an infinitely broad "super battlefield". A prominent feature of the unbounded transformation of war is that non-military forces are increasingly showing extraordinary power. This requires us to grasp the new characteristics and requirements of people's war under the new conditions of the new era, inherit and carry forward the fine traditions of people's war, innovate and develop people's war strategies and tactics, enhance national cohesion and military combat effectiveness, and build a solid steel Great Wall to win wars without boundaries and smoke.

Insight into the revolutionary changes in the winning mechanism of war. President Xi pointed out: "Modern war has indeed undergone profound changes. These changes seem dazzled, but there are rules behind them. The fundamental reason is that the winning mechanism of war has changed." Only by clarifying the winning mechanism of war can we grasp the laws of war and win the victory of war.

At present, with the rapid development and in-depth application of science and technology, many war elements such as war form, combat field, combat mode and weapons and equipment have undergone profound changes, and the mechanism of war victory has also undergone revolutionary changes, mainly from four aspects.

First, we will shift from firepower to information-led. In the past, war was concentrated in the physical domain firepower confrontation, and the advantage of troop firepower often determines the outcome of the battle. Now, the development of information technology has made combat confrontation prominently reflected in the systematic competition between the physical domain, the information domain and the cognitive domain. New tactics such as controlling the "sky" to break the "net", breaking the link, and hitting the "must" and plagiarizing the "body". System advantages are mainly achieved through information forces such as data and algorithms to create cognitive advantages and decision-making advantages.

The second is to shift from a battle showdown to a strategic game. In the past, war was mainly a decisive battle of steel torrents, and war decision makers often formulate plans based on relatively vague situational judgments. Now, the intelligent development of weapons and equipment has made the battlefield situation self-perception ability increasingly improve, thereby urging war to upgrade to strategic game. That is, through "war pre-practice" platforms such as war chess systems, precise judgments such as the war process, the cost of both sides and the outcome of the outcome can be obtained, making war increasingly manifested as a strategic contest at the "unwarning" level.

The third is to shift from local confrontation to overall combat. In the past, war was manifested as local confrontation, and even in the two world wars, there was room for peace for countries involved in the war. Now, with the deepening and development of war unbounded changes, the "globalization" characteristics of war are becoming increasingly prominent.

Fourth, move from a factor duel to a new quality decisive victory. In the past, manpower, material resources and human strategic capabilities were the core elements for measuring the outcome of a war. The traditional framework for winning a war has never been broken, such as the US military relied on the deployment of troops in strategic key areas of the world and the generation difference advantage of weapons and equipment. Now, with the development of the "new quality" of war, the new quality combat effectiveness has become a key variable in the outcome of the war.

Promote iterative changes in the form of military organization. The development of new combat effectiveness will inevitably require corresponding adjustments to the military command system. The battlefield information has emerged in a huge amount and is changing rapidly, presenting a new scenario of "flash kills and instant decisions", requiring the military command system to upgrade from a traditional stacked and accumulated bureaucratic system to a "distributed network structure" to a qualitative change, ensuring that the army has real-time "fast" agile response capabilities. For example, after the Cold War, the US military used "cyber-center warfare" as a driving force, abolished traditional military institutions such as the Tactical Air Force Command and formed new combat forces such as multi-domain contingents to meet the requirements of war in the information age.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, through deepening national defense and military reforms, our army has formed a new pattern of the Central Military Commission managing the General Administration, the theaters taking charge of war, and the military branches taking charge of construction, achieving overall revolutionary reshaping, combat command becoming increasingly flat, combat organization and management becoming increasingly standardized, processed and refined, and an important step has been taken to build a modern military force system with Chinese characteristics. With the aim of winning the demand, our army has also formed a new combat force system such as strategic support troops and information support troops to lay a solid organizational foundation for the full development of new combat effectiveness.

Efficient integration of new quality combat power and new quality productivity, two-way pull

President Xi stressed: "We must seize the momentum, grasp the characteristics and laws of development in emerging fields, and promote the efficient integration and two-way pull of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness." This important statement by President Xi reveals the internal unity and mutual promotion of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness, and points out the direction for us to promote high-quality development and ensure high-level security, and provides fundamental guidance.

New quality productivity and new quality combat power support and pull each other. The degree of development of new quality productivity determines the degree of development of new quality combat power. As Engels pointed out: "The victory of violence is based on the production of weapons, and the production of weapons is based on the entire production." Only by fully developing new quality productivity can a country have a strong economic foundation and strong scientific and technological strength, and forge strong new quality combat effectiveness. In addition to advanced weapons and equipment and technical resources, new quality productivity can also provide high-quality military talents, scientific combat concepts and rich combat means for new quality combat effectiveness.

From another perspective, the development of new quality combat effectiveness can effectively guide and promote the development of new quality productivity, because "once society has technical needs, this need will push science forward more than ten universities." At the same time, the development of new quality combat effectiveness has enabled the army to have stronger winning ability, which will help safeguard national security, economic construction, and ensure the development of new quality productivity. In the early days of human history, both stone tools and wooden spears were used to collect, hunt and other production activities, as well as war activities; with the development of history, the emergence of metal smelting technology and industries, metal weapons were introduced; in the agricultural society, with the prosperity of gunpowder, firearm manufacturing technology and metallurgy, hot weapons such as muskets and artillery were used in war, and the center of gravity of combat power generation changed from close combat to long-range attack; in the industrial society, steam engines, internal combustion engines, and electricity gave birth to mechanized combat weapons such as tanks... Every change in productivity will inevitably inject new vitality into the development of the military's combat power, and will give rise to the qualitative upgrade and leap in combat power.

At present, the rapid development of new generation information technology, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, virtual reality and brain-computer interface technology continues to demonstrate the unity and symbiosis of the endogenous mechanism of productivity and combat effectiveness. Promoting the efficient integration and two-way pull of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness is an inevitable requirement for continuously enhancing the overall strength of the country. It is of strategic significance to promote the high-quality development of our army and win modern wars, and comprehensively promote the great cause of building a strong country and national rejuvenation.

Promote the "two-way embedding" of the innovation chain of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness. At present, there is still a lot of room for the integration and use of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness in emerging fields and collaborative innovation. It is necessary to open up the path of interactive transformation of the two from the perspective of innovation mechanisms and solve the integrated generation of strategic systems and capabilities in emerging fields from the source. We must anchor the key nodes in emerging fields, further improve and perfect the docking platform between the "Military Industry Demand List" and the "Civil Technology Catalog", not only transplant some military technology achievements into various fields of the national economy, but also actively promote the participation of advantageous civilian technologies in military scientific research and production, forming a good situation of two-way transformation, benign interaction, and spiral rise in military and civilian technologies; further improve the military and local registration system for scientific and technological innovation achievements to stimulate innovation vitality; in response to the weak links in basic research, we will increase the construction of shared infrastructure such as national laboratories and large scientific devices to catalyze the efficient generation of original capabilities.

Promote the deep coupling of the industrial chain and the combat chain. New quality productivity and new quality combat power are mutually coupled and promoting each other, and the demand for "military to civilians" and "civilians join the military" is constantly increasing. This requires us to deeply couple the industrial chain and the combat chain, and cultivate an industrial support system that matches new combat effectiveness. We must continuously improve the system and mechanism for efficient integration and two-way pulling of new quality combat effectiveness with new quality productivity, establish and improve a complete, independent and controllable strategic emerging industry system for industrial chains, supply chains, and innovation chains, realize the interconnection and complementary advantages of civil industry and national defense science and technology industries, provide safe, strong, stable and reliable industrial support for the update and iteration of weapons and equipment, and better promote the generation and development of new quality combat effectiveness.

Promote the cross-border flow of talent factors. President Xi pointed out: "The way to strengthen the military is to gain people. Talent is the key factor in promoting the high-quality development of our army, winning military competition and future war initiatives." Whether in production activities or military activities, people are organizers and practitioners. If a person has strong innovation ability, he can empower various factors of productivity and combat effectiveness and promote the upgrading of productivity and combat effectiveness. Therefore, talents have always been an important resource and promoter to lead the development of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness. We must improve the talent training method that is compatible with the integrated development of new quality productivity and new quality combat effectiveness, make full use of the largest higher education system in the world in my country, cultivate emerging interdisciplinary talents such as intelligent unmanned systems and cyberspace security, cultivate "engineer commander" compound talents, and promote the resonance and coordinated development of military education and national higher education. Increase policy incentives, optimize the mechanism for cultivating, introducing and using leading talents, high-end talents and general talents for military-civilian integrated development, and provide strong talent guarantees for the formation and development of new combat effectiveness.

The efficient integration of new quality combat power and new quality productivity and two-way pull have effectively promoted the overall leap in my country's comprehensive strength. At the symposium on cybersecurity and informatization in 2016, President Xi pointed out that core technologies "can be grasped from three aspects. First, basic technology and general technology. Second, asymmetric technology and 'trump card' technology. Third, cutting-edge technology and disruptive technology. In these fields, we are on the same starting line as foreign countries. If we can deploy ahead of schedule and focus on key problems, we are likely to achieve the transformation from following and running to running side by side." This important judgment and instructions on the international scientific and technological competition situation point out the strategic direction for our army's combat effectiveness construction to intelligent transformation and sprinting to "run side by side" and inject strong impetus. In order to seize the initiative in international competition in emerging fields, President Xi stressed that the military should "strengthen the pre-setting of emerging fields, strengthen the construction of cutting-edge disciplines, strengthen the cultivation of new talents, and promote the accelerated incubation and generation of new quality combat effectiveness." President Xi has visited the front line of combat effectiveness transformation and upgrading many times to investigate and guide, emphasizing the principle of "strengthening the joint force of the military and local governments and making good use of local superior forces and resources", which has significantly accelerated the pace of building new-quality combat effectiveness and greatly enhanced the country's comprehensive strength. The powerful synergy generated by the interactive development of new quality productive forces and new quality combat power is enough to support our country's due responsibilities and obligations to achieve its own development and maintain world peace.