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From the September 18th Incident in 1931 to the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan in September 1945, during the 14 years of hard years of the War of Resistance Against Japan, from the fall of Huzhou to the surging anti-Japanese guerrilla armed forces behind enemy lines, the establishment of the Western Zhejiang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China and the holding of the great banner of the national war of resistance, and then to the New Fourth Army advancing into the borders of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, opening up the anti-Japanese base in western Zhejiang. The unyielding Huzhou military and civilians fought one after another, and wrote a song of the anti-Japanese war. This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. I would like to use this article as a commemoration.

Huzhou City during the War of Resistance

On the night of September 18, 1931, the Japanese army attacked Beidaying, the Northeast Army base of China, and bombarded Shenyang City, creating the "September 18th" incident that shocked China and the world. The "September 18th" Incident was the starting point of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and at the same time opened the prelude to the world's anti-fascist war.

After the September 18th Incident, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Resolution on the Japanese Imperialist Occupy Manchuria Incident", calling on the people to act quickly and arm themselves to resist the invasion of Japanese imperialism. Under the promotion of the Communist Party of China, the people of the whole country have set off a wave of anti-Japanese and national salvation movement.

In Huzhou, patriotic young people took to the streets to give speeches and post slogans, exposing the atrocities of Japanese imperialism to the general public, mobilizing all sectors of society to fight, and the calls for anti-Japanese and national salvation were rising and falling. Shi Zhiwei, a tour guide at the Wuxing County People's Education Center, inspires the fighting spirit of the people. He published a long poem titled "The Palace on the Bomb" in the supplement "Landside" of the Lake Daily, pointing out that Japanese imperialism is powerful and powerful, but on the surface it is arrogant, but in fact it is "The Palace on the Bomb" and will be blown to pieces one day. All walks of life in Changxing County held a meeting on the anti-Japanese and national salvation in the rain, and sent a telegram to the Central Committee of the Kuomintang and General Zhang Xueliang, demanding that the whole country be concentrated against Japan and recover lost territory. After the meeting, people from all walks of life held a demonstration. Patriot youth in Tangjing area of ​​Deqing County formed the "Jingxi Makeup Speech Team" to rehearse anti-Japanese repertoire, perform in depth in rural areas, and carry out anti-Japanese and national salvation propaganda. "Deqing People" weekly has opened the supplement "Wiranteng", which promotes anti-Japanese war, and specializes in publishing articles that advocate the war of resistance and criticize non-resistance.

Journals such as "Hubao" that promote the War of Resistance Against Japan" promote the

Since then, the anti-Japanese and national salvation movements have continued to be carried out in various parts of Huzhou. In January 1932, the Japanese army caused the "January 28" Incident in Shanghai, and the 19th Route Army of the National Government rose up to resist. After hearing the news, students from the Provincial No. 3 Secondary School located in Huzhou spontaneously formed the "Student Anti-Japanese and National Rescue Association" to go out to the streets to introduce the situation of the War of Resistance in Shanghai, raise funds to support soldiers in the front, and receive responses from all walks of life. In April 1934, a student from a private Chuangye Primary School in Wuxing County launched a donation and won 100,000 yuan in air tickets. In order to support the anti-Japanese war, teachers and students of Chuangye Primary School donated a plane with the money and named it "Chinese Children's Number". In the spring of 1935, Hujun female middle school students founded the magazine "Hujun" and published Rong Xiuying's long poem "The Volunteer Army", praising the "branch of the weak country" and "the savior of the declining nation", and criticizing "the numb and intoxicated half-in-the-half-half-living people". In the spring of 1936, with the support of the National Salvation Federation of All walks of life, some young people in Huzhou urban area established the "Wuxing Branch of the National Salvation Association" and founded the anti-Japanese publication "Yefeng". Patriotic youth from Wuxing Shuanglin and other places also published newspapers and magazines that promoted the War of Resistance against Japan such as "Hanyang".

On December 9, 1935, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, patriotic students from universities and universities in Peking (now Beijing) organized a large-scale anti-Japanese patriotic movement. The 129th Movement marked the arrival of a new climax of the Chinese people's anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. Under this situation, anti-Japanese and national salvation activities in various parts of Huzhou have made new developments.

In the winter of 1936, Wu Linfeng, a member of the Communist Party of China, was sent by the Shanghai Party organization to Huzhou to lead anti-Japanese and national salvation activities. After Wu Linfeng returned to his hometown Digang, he used the identity of the principal and teacher of the Lishi Village Central Private School as a cover. He taught at school during the day and went out to promote at night, and contacted progressive young people in Digang, Linghu, Yuanjiahui and other places to establish a "reading club". Under his organizational guidance, young people who participated in the reading club read progress books and had a preliminary understanding of the situation of the national anti-Japanese movement and the Communist Party of China's anti-Japanese propositions. With the expansion of the members of the reading club, Wu Linfeng formed an anti-Japanese and national salvation group based on the reading club - the "Tiaoliu Literature and Art Society". The purpose is to "oppose the civil war, unanimously externally, mobilize nationwide, and jointly fight against Japan."

After the establishment of the Tiaoliu Literature and Art Club, it carried out anti-Japanese and national salvation propaganda through the publication of the weekly magazine "Tiaoliu Literature and Art". The source of the materials for "Tiaoliu Literature and Art" include the "National Saving Times" published by the Communist Party of China delegation to the Communist International, the "Times" published by the Soviet Union in Shanghai, the propaganda materials of the Shanghai Professional World Saving National Association, the Student World Saving National Association and the National Association of All Circles, as well as anti-Japanese articles and updates in magazines such as "Light", "July", and "Eternal Life". "Tiaoliu Literature and Art" also published articles compiled by members of the Tiaoliu Literature and Art Club themselves, including poetry, communications, editorials, reportage, etc., introducing the "beacons inside and outside the Great Wall" to the people of Huzhou and reporting on the new development of the national anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. The number of "Tiaoliu Literature and Art" was published initially at 300 copies, with the distribution scope being Huzhou urban area, Linghu, Yuanjiahui, Digang, Changchao and other places. Afterwards, as the influence increases, the printing volume and distribution scope gradually expand.

While publishing the weekly magazine "Tiaoliu Literature and Art", Tiaoliu Literature and Art Club also launched an activity to teach and sing anti-Japanese and national salvation songs. They published anti-Japanese songs such as "The Great Wall Ballad", "The Volunteer March", "The Trilogy of Exile", and "The Big Sword March" in "Tiaoliu Literature and Art", and organized a singing team to teach and sing in various schools. In the spring of 1937, the Shanghai Anti-Japanese National Rescue Team led by Communist Party member Lu Shi came to Wuxing County. The Tiaoliu Literature and Art Society cooperated closely with the Shanghai Anti-Japanese National Rescue Team to perform plays such as "Let Down Your Whip" and "On the Songhua River" in Linghu, Digang and other places, which were warmly welcomed by the masses.

The anti-Japanese and national salvation activities in various parts of Huzhou after the September 18th Incident are a reflection of the Chinese Communist Party’s anti-Japanese and national salvation proposals in Huzhou. In particular, the activities of the Tiaoliu Literary and Art Society took a relatively hidden approach and persisted for a long time. It promoted the Communist Party of China's anti-Japanese propositions, played a certain role in awakening the people and inspiring the patriotic enthusiasm of the masses, and laid the mass foundation for the rise of the Huzhou guerrilla warfare after the outbreak of the War of Resistance for the whole nation.

On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, and Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China, and China thus entered the stage of national resistance.

On August 13, the Japanese army launched a large-scale attack on Shanghai, and the Battle of Songhu broke out. On the battlefield of Songhu, the tenacious resistance of the Chinese military and civilians shattered Japan's arrogant attempt to "destroy China within three months." In order to capture Shanghai as soon as possible, on November 5, the Japanese army gathered the forces of three divisions and forcibly landed between Jinshanwei and Quangongting in Hangzhou Bay, intending to flange and annihilate the Chinese army. Faced with the danger of the withdrawal road being cut off, the National Government forces had to give up Shanghai and retreat westward.

After capturing Shanghai, the Japanese army divided into two groups, one along Shanghai and the other invaded Jiaxing and Huzhou, using a strategic offensive in a siege shape to attack Nanjing, the capital of the National Government.

Huzhou is bounded by the throat of the Taihunan Corridor. It is located in a dangerous place and is well-connected. It is an important north-south channel for defending Hangzhou and guarding Nanjing from the south. If the Japanese army occupied Huzhou, they could not only cut off the Chinese army's retreat route, but also join with the Japanese army on the north route to besiege Nanjing. In view of Huzhou's strategic position, the National Government stated: "Wuxing is the focus of today's overall situation of the War of Resistance Against Japan, which is the hub of the Third War Zone." Immediately, the National Government ordered the 7th Army of the 21st Army to shoulder the important defensive tasks of Huzhou area, emphasizing that it is necessary to "help any sacrifice, defend the position to kill the enemy, kill the enemy to achieve results, complete the mission of the War of Resistance, and lay the foundation for rejuvenation." At the same time, the 10th Japanese Army captured Jiaxing under the cover of aircraft and cannons and approached Huzhou.

On November 15, the 170th Division and 172nd Division of the 7th Army, far away in Xuzhou, arrived in Wuxing and Changxing respectively. According to the terrain, four defense lines were set up in Nanxun, Shengshan, Wuxing and Lijiaxiang behind Wuxing to organize the Wuxing blocking battle.

The 7th Army, who had just arrived in Huzhou, encountered fierce battles with the Japanese army before its defense was stable. On November 18, the Japanese advance troops arrived in Nanxun and suddenly launched an attack. The 170th Division rushed back and after hours of street fighting, it was forced to retreat due to a huge gap in strength, and then Nanxun fell. Faced with the severe situation, the National Government urgently ordered the five divisions of the 23rd Army to gather in Guangde, Si'an and Anji areas to support it.

After the fall of Nanxun, the National Government troops carried out key defenses in the Balidian Shengshan area. The eastern suburbs of Huzhou City are the endless Taihu Plain and canal water town area, while Shengshan is the "Mantou Mountain" with undulating "Mantou Mountain" on the plain boundary, which is a relatively good defensive battle terrain. On November 21, under the cover of aircraft and cannons, the Japanese army launched an attack on Shengshan position. Xia Guozhang, deputy commander of the 170th Division, commanded the battle on the front line, but was unfortunately shot and killed by enemy planes. After Xia Guozhang died, all the officers and soldiers continued to fight, and finally they were exhausted from ammunition and food, and all died heroically for their country, and none of them surrendered to the enemy. In 2014, Xia Guozhang was included in the first list of famous anti-Japanese heroes and heroes announced by the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

The fall of Shengshan exposed Huzhou City to the enemy's front. On November 24, the Japanese army attacked Huzhou City from the east, south and north. At 2 pm, all the fortifications of the east gate and south gate of Huzhou City were destroyed. At 4 pm, the Huzhou City defenders were almost completely injured and the remaining troops were forced to evacuate.

After the Japanese army occupied Huzhou, they invaded Si'an and Guangde West with one force, and the main force went north from Langxi to attack Nanjing. The Japanese army invaded the Western Regions closely followed the remnants of the 7th Army to the Lijiaxiang and Si'an areas, fought fiercely with the 145th Division of the 23rd Army, and occupied Si'an. The 176th Division of the National Government Army blocked the Japanese army in the Gaoling area of ​​Tianmu Mountain and won the first battle to defend Tianmu Mountain. After the main force of the Japanese army heading north to capture Changxing, the Japanese Central Front Command moved to Changxing and deployed an attack on Nanjing here. On December 13, the Japanese army captured Nanjing.

The main purpose of the National Government Army's front-line battlefield was to block the Japanese army's attack on Nanjing and to buy time for the evacuation of Chinese troops on the Songhu battlefield. Faced with enemies that were several times more than oneself, the National Government Army fought tenaciously in Huzhou and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese army.

On November 24, after the fall of Huzhou, the Japanese army left a small number of troops to station in Huzhou City, and the main force went north to siege Nanjing. On December 13, after the Japanese army captured Nanjing, they divided their troops south and invaded Huzhou area again. At this time, officials at all levels of the National Government had retreated to the south bank of Qiantang River, and there was almost no defense in Huzhou. From December 21 to 24, in a few days, the Japanese army successively captured Wukang, Deqing, Anji and Xiaofeng. At this point, all Huzhou areas have fallen.

During the fall of Huzhou, the Japanese army massacred innocent people in Huzhou, bombed and burned cities and villages wildly, raped women, looted property, and created a series of tragedies. The brutality of the methods and the serious crimes were endless.

(1) Nanxun tragedy. In November 1937, the Japanese army invaded Nanxun and frantically implemented the "three lights" policy of "burning all, killing all, and stealing all". As soon as the Japanese army entered Nanxun, they set fire to the houses. The first one to catch fire was Cui's wooden work, which extended to the north side of Xinqiao, the middle section of Dongda Street and the Majia Lane in Xinqiao South side of Xinqiao. Then, fires broke out in Xida Street and Ximu Lane, and the raging fires continued for a day and a night. The Japanese army killed people wherever they went along the way. Many civilians who had no time to escape were killed. There were corpses everywhere along the streets, and bloody heads hung on the telephone poles. The most corpses are Baijianlou and the area from Yong'an Bridge in the Shaoshao City to the west of the bus station. In order to deter the people of Nanxun, the Japanese army also carried out two collective massacres in Nanxun Town: one was targeted at captured National Government soldiers, with about 30 people killed downstairs in Baijian, Nanxun; the other was in the white field of Dongzhawai Wire Factory, where more than 30 civilians were massacred. During the Japanese army's tenure in Nanxun, they often raped women everywhere. When they caught women, they often raped and killed them first, and even old women and young girls were not spared. There were hundreds of women who were raped and killed in the town and the four towns.

(2) Wuxing tragedy. After the Japanese army occupied Nanxun, their troops were divided into multiple directions, burning, killing, looting and invading Wuxing along the way. The highways and waterways from Nanxun to Wuxing are all plain water network areas. Faced with the crazy burning, killing and looting of the Japanese army, the people along the way have nowhere to hide. On November 20 alone, the Japanese army killed more than 200 civilians in Mayao Town, Wuxing County along the way, and killed 59 civilians in Shangdonglin and Hucun Villages of Dongqian Town. On the 21st, the Japanese army invaded Dagang, Yuncun, Hexi, Zhuwan and other villages in Zhili Town, killing 137 villagers. On the 22nd, the Japanese army invaded Zijinqiao, Yiyanshan, Lujiaba and other villages, killing 318 people. From the 22nd to the 24th, the Japanese army killed more than 90 villagers in Shijiaqiao, Huacheng and other villages in Daochang Township.

(3) Changxing tragedy. Starting from September 19, 1937, the Japanese army dispatched aircraft to carry out continuous bombings on Changxing Airport, the coast of Taihu Lake and Changxing County. Each bombing and strafing was killed or injured. On November 25, after the Japanese army invaded Changxing County, they burned the house wherever they saw and killed the people they saw. No one was spared, both young and old. The city burned for seven days and seven nights, except for the county government, Zhongshan Park, Chenghuang Temple and the minority houses stationed by the Japanese army, all the rest were burned, with 90% of the houses burned. On November 28, the Japanese army invaded Si'an Town. The streets of the two-limit longest in the town were burned, and all the rice in stock were burned, almost no tiles were left. In mid-to-late December, the Japanese army once again invaded Si'an Town, Changxing County, and burned 4,767 houses in Xianshan, Changfeng, Bailian, Xinfeng, Zaoshan, Changping and other villages. Other towns such as Hongxing Bridge, Lincheng, Jiapu, Shuikou, Heping, Xucang Bridge, Lijiaxiang, Taiping Bridge, and villages next to the road are all scorched earth, all in ruins. Changxing County has rich cultural relics. After the fall of the county town, according to incomplete statistics, 316 precious cultural relics including Han jade mandarin ducks, Han jade rings, white agate boats were looted.

(4) Longxi tragedy. Longxi Port is an inland river located between Huzhou and Hangzhou. It starts from Huzhou Taihu Lake in the north along Daqian Port, passes through Huzhou Hefu, Digang, Linghu and Zhongguan and Chengguan Town in Deqing County, and ends at Yuhang in the south. After the fall of Huzhou, railways and highways were seriously damaged, and Longxi Port's position of connecting Huzhou, Hangzhou and Shanghai water transportation lines was even more important. On March 26, 1938, the Japanese troops stationed in Huzhou and Hangzhou gathered more than 1,000 troops, traveled north and south to conduct a barbaric burning, killing and "sweeping" along Longxi Port. According to statistics, the Longxi tragedy caused by the Japanese army to be burned out in more than 1,400 villages on both sides of Longxi Port, more than 8,000 houses were burned, and more than 1,300 people were killed or injured.

Burning Longxi Port

(5) Anji tragedy. On December 22, the Japanese army invaded Anji County and burned, killed and looted. Meixi is the largest town in Anji and has a prosperous business. After the fall, the Japanese army set fire to the fire, with 1,373 original houses, 1,215 were all burned, and 116 were partially burned. After the Japanese army occupied Anji County, most of the various private buildings and buildings were burned down, and more than 400 civilians were killed or injured. They were beheaded, dismembered, buried alive, cum cesarean, or nailed to death. This was a terrible sight.

According to the survey on population casualties and property losses in Huzhou during the War of Resistance Against Japan, during the War of Resistance Against Japan, Huzhou City had 17,654 casualties (including 13,778 direct casualties and 3,876 indirect casualties), almost all townships in the city. The food, livestock and other property of urban and rural residents is an important resource for the Japanese army to loot. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, 2.7116 million stones of grain were burned or robbed by the Japanese army in Huzhou area, 6.184 million daily necessities, 10.3267 million clothing, 4.5743 million production tools, 135,100 livestock, 1136 dan of silkworm cocoons, 63,900 poultry, 114 million trees and 4.0025 million bamboos were cut down and burned. Huge losses of personnel and property seriously hindered Huzhou's economic and social development. Huzhou, known as the "hometown of fish and rice" and "the palace of silk", is full of devastation, all industries are in decline, and unprecedented decline.

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